Psilocybin law in Brazil
Illegal Checked 11 October 2026
Psilocybin and psilocin are on Anvisa's List F2 of prohibited psychotropics. The mushroom itself is not named, and courts have differed, but the STJ has treated sale as trafficking. Police raided and arrested a self-styled spiritual guide in Goiania in 2024 for selling mushrooms and running paid psilocybin rituals (a judge then ruled the arrest unlawful on procedural grounds), so Brazil fails the tolerated test.
Psilocybin is a controlled substance with no lawful route for retreats or personal use. Some of these states fund research or trials. A summary of published sources, not legal advice.
What the sources say
- Psilocin and psilocybin are on List F2 (prohibited psychotropic substances) of Portaria SVS/MS 344/1998, as updated by Anvisa. The fungus itself is not explicitly named, which sellers rely on, but the Superior Tribunal de Justica has held that the presence of the hallucinogenic substances is enough to characterise trafficking. [Policia intensifica combate a 'cogumelos magicos' e STF pode ser acionado, Portal Tela, 2025-09-06, read 4 October 2026]
- Reporting describes the status of the mushroom as a legal grey area ("limbo juridico") that hampers research. [Cogumelo magico: limbo juridico atrapalha pesquisa de psilocibina no Brasil, Canaltech, 2025-05-06, read 4 October 2026]
- On 26 September 2024 the Goias Civil Police narcotics unit (DENARC, Operacao Toad) arrested in Goiania a self-described spiritual and therapeutic guide who sold Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms, capsules and chocolates nationwide and charged about R$2,500 per session, giving the mushrooms in ceremonies as a supposed treatment for depression and anxiety. Poder360 reports that the next day a judge refused to validate the arrest, holding it unlawful because the investigation had been run outside a police inquiry, annulled the evidence gathered and ordered his release. [PCGO desarticula laboratorio de cogumelos alucinogenos que funcionava em escritorio de advocacia, Policia Civil do Estado de Goias, 2024-09-27, read 11 October 2026] [Justica diz ser ilegal prisao de empresario por "cogumelos magicos", Poder360, 2024-09, read 11 October 2026] [Terapeuta e preso suspeito de vender cogumelos "magicos" e realizar rituais com alucinogenos em Goiania, Jornal Opcao, 2024-09, read 4 October 2026]
- In September 2025 the Federal District Civil Police ran 'Operacao Psicose' against a network producing and selling psilocybin mushrooms nationwide, arresting nine people; possible charges reported include drug trafficking, money laundering and unlicensed medical practice. ["Cogumelos magicos": Policia desmantela esquema de trafico interestadual, CNN Brasil, 2025-09-04, read 4 October 2026]
- Reason for exclusion: condition 3 fails (police raided a facilitator running paid psilocybin ceremonies and arrested him, even though a judge then ruled that arrest unlawful on procedural grounds, and a 2025 operation arrested nine people in a national mushroom-selling network), and condition 1 is contested because the fungus itself is not listed. [PCGO desarticula laboratorio de cogumelos alucinogenos que funcionava em escritorio de advocacia, Policia Civil do Estado de Goias, 2024-09-27, read 11 October 2026] [Justica diz ser ilegal prisao de empresario por "cogumelos magicos", Poder360, 2024-09, read 11 October 2026] [Policia intensifica combate a 'cogumelos magicos' e STF pode ser acionado, Portal Tela, 2025-09-06, read 4 October 2026]
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